急性心力衰竭代偿期患者早期康复活动方案的构建及应用效果

目的 构建急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动方案并评价其效果,以期为急性心力衰竭代偿期患者开展早期康复活动提供参考。方法 成立早期康复活动研究团队、在文献检索及半结构化访谈后形成急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动的初步方案,经过专家论证后形成最终方案。采用方便抽样法选择2017年4月—2019年6月在北京市某三级甲等医院CCU住院的急性心力衰竭代偿期患者200例为研究对象,试验组与对照组各100例,试验组采用四阶梯式早期康复活动方案,对照组采用常规活动方案。采用明尼苏达生活质量量表、6 min步行试验、住院时间、第1秒用力呼气量、脑利纳肽水平等作为监测指标。结果 试验组明尼苏达生活质量得分（52.64±5.60）分,低于对照组（56.89±6.59）分（t=-4.877,P< 0.001）;试验组6 min步行试验距离（279.86±84.66） m,优于对照组（248.78±93.73） m（t=2.441,P=0.016）;试验组CCU住院时间（8.97±2.80） d,少于对照组（10.48±3.80） d（t=-3.182,P=0.002）;试验组第1秒用力呼气量（2.18±0.49） L,高于对照组（1.92±0.35） L（t=4.338,P< 0.001）;试验组脑利纳肽水平（697.88±135.58） pg/ml,低于对照组（755.29±141.74） pg/ml（t=-2.905,P=0.004）。结论 四阶梯式早期康复活动方案根据患者的心功能制订了个体化的活动策略,通过团队管理的手段保障其早期活动的安全性,能够切实提高急性心力衰竭患者的生活质量、促进患者心肺功能的快速康复、缩短住院时间。     

无创呼吸机用于急诊急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效

目的 分析无创呼吸机用于急诊急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法 选取我院2018年6月～2019年6月在我院急诊治疗的急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭患者62例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各31例。对照组患者予强心、利尿、平喘、纠正电解质紊乱等基础治疗,同时予低流量鼻导管吸氧治疗;观察组予无创呼吸机治疗。治疗后对比分析两组的临床疗效及血气分析指标的变化情况。结果 观察组患者治疗后的总有效率达93.5%,高于对照组74.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的pH、PaO2及PaCO2水平分别比较,观察组改善情况均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论 无创呼吸机治疗急性心力衰竭合并呼吸衰竭疗效确切,且能有效改善动脉血气指标,促进患者呼吸功能迅速恢复,保护肺功能,从而改善患者的临床症状,且操作简便,值得推广和应用。     

Myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition: Practical considerations and complications in the search for new susceptibility loci

Genomic research in hematological malignancies has focused far more prominently on somatic mutations than on germline variants. Although increasing numbers of germline variants are being identified, a substantial proportion of familial myeloid malignancies have no causal allele pinpointed. Here we review the biological, technological, and clinical challenges that stand in the way of the goal of establishing, implementing, and interpreting a comprehensive panel of germline variants for testing. Achieving this goal would inform care for large numbers of myeloid malignancy patients. Furthermore, knowledge of germline susceptibility variants and their corresponding genes will shed light on disease processes, potentially suggesting therapeutic strategies tailored to specific variants.     

Hypomethylating Agent Therapy in Myelodysplastic Syndromes With Chromosome 3 Abnormalities

BackgroundAbnormalities of chromosome 3 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), that is, inversion 3 (inv[3]), translocation 3q (t[3q]), or deletion 3q (del[3q]), are defined as poor-risk karyotypes in the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). The objective of this study was to further define the outcomes of patients with MDS with chromosome 3 abnormalities and address the impact of hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy on this patient subset.Patients and MethodsThrough the MDS Clinical Research Consortium, we identified 411 patients with chromosome 3 abnormalities and MDS or oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia (20%-30% blasts).ResultsSpecific chromosome 3 aberrations and cytogenetic complexity were predictive of survival; patients with t(3q) and isolated chromosome 3 had improved overall survival (OS), albeit still poor, whereas patients with complex cytogenetics, including those with 3p abnormalities, had inferior OS. Overall response rates to HMAs among this patient population were similar to those of patients with nonchromosome 3–MDS (52%, with a 25% complete remission rate), although with higher response rates in decitabine-treated patients (69% vs. 45%, P = .008). HMA therapy improved the OS of patients with higher-risk MDS compared with intensive chemotherapy (median OS of 15.5 vs. 8.2 months; P = .017). This improvement remained significant in multivariate analyses (hazard ratio, 0.60; P = .018); however, there were no chromosome 3 aberrations among this subgroup predictive of improved response rates to or survival from HMAs.ConclusionPatients with MDS with chromosome 3 abnormalities represent a cytogenetic cohort with poor OS, and there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.     

针灸治疗急性乳腺炎选穴规律分析

目的:探讨针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的选穴规律。方法:检索1999年1月-2019年3月中国知网、维普全文期刊数据库、万方数据库中针灸治疗急性乳腺炎的临床报道和临床研究,分析总结针灸治疗该病的取穴规律。结果:共纳入文献53篇,常用穴位53个,总共频次282次,最常用的5个穴位是肩井、膻中、乳根、期门、足三里;涉及经脉12条,除手少阴心经和手少阳三焦经外均有涉及,其中足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经、任脉出现频次最多。特定穴以交会穴、募穴、八会穴使用频次较高。穴位分布主要集中在胸腹部、腰背部及四肢。结论:针灸治疗急性乳腺炎以胸腹部局部取穴及四肢循经取穴、选用特定穴为主,经络选取主要为胃经、胆经、任脉。     

江苏省13家医院新生儿严重高胆红素血症现状调查

目的 了解江苏省新生儿严重高胆红素血症的发生情况及诊治、随访等管理情况，为新生儿严重高胆红素血症的预防及规范化管理提供依据。方法 以2018年1~12月江苏省13家医院收治的严重高胆红素血症新生儿为研究对象，回顾性分析患儿的临床资料及随访资料。结果 江苏省13家医院2018年严重高胆红素血症新生儿病例共上报740例，占新生儿科收治病例总数的2.70%（740/27 386），其中重度高胆红素血症620例（83.8%），极重度高胆红素血症106例（14.3%），危险性高胆红血症14例（1.9%）；诊断为急性胆红素脑病共4例（0.5%）。484例（65.4%）新生儿于分娩机构出院后因严重高胆红素血症返回医院住院治疗，中位入院日龄为7 d，其中214例（44.2%）再入院前进行过门诊黄疸随访，第1次门诊中位随访日龄为6 d。住院期间行头颅MRI检查211例（28.5%），其中85例（40.3%）提示双侧基底节、苍白球T1WI信号偏高；行脑干听觉诱发电位检查238例（32.2%），其中14例（5.9%）仅一侧通过，7例（2.9%）双侧均未通过。急性胆红素脑病或危险性高胆红素血症患儿（共17例）进行了随访，除1例失访外，均无异常神经系统症状。结论 新生儿严重高胆红素血症在新生儿科住院病人中的占比较高；新生儿从分娩机构出院后黄疸监测及管理需要加强；对并发了严重高胆红素血症的患儿，住院期间相关检查需更完善，出院后均需全面系统地随访。     

Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines

A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of “disease enhancement” has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development.     

代谢组学在肾脏疾病中的研究进展

目前肾脏疾病的准确诊断最终仍需要肾穿刺活检技术。代谢组学可以定性和定量分析生物机体包括系统、器官或细胞在受到外界因素影响下引起的内源性代谢产物的变化；肾脏疾病的发生发展会受到生物体内外多种因素的影响，与机体代谢异常密切相关，表现为各类代谢产物的变化。近年来，代谢组学为肾脏疾病的研究做出了很多贡献，本文就代谢组学在肾脏疾病中的研究进展作以综述，希望为肾脏病发生发展及诊断提供新的研究思路和方向。